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The development of the free royal city of Banská Štiavnica in the Middle Ages was associated with rich ore veins and their exploitation. The city had a large area already in the 13th century. An integral part of this center of technical education is still a representative urban structure with exceptional architecture, characteristic Gothic-Renaissance burgher houses, buildings of the first Mining and Forestry Academy in Europe and settlements associated with mining activities, a town hall, sacral buildings (St. Catherine's Church) and a fortification system. Unique technical monuments related to the mining and processing of polymetallic ores, such as galleries, towers, water reservoirs and the entire technical system associated with the use of water energy, ensuring the operation of mining mechanisms, are among the world's unique.
More information: https://www.banskastiavnica.sk/mesto/svetove-dedicstvo/
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The Vlkolínec Folk Architecture Monument Reserve represents a type of village settlement with wooden architecture of mountain and foothill areas with undisturbed log houses in the middle of a traditionally used landscape with fields and pastures. It is the best preserved settlement of its kind in the Carpathian region.
Vlkolínec, located in central Slovakia, is a remarkably intact settlement of 45 buildings with traditional features of a Central European village. It is the most complete group of these types of traditional log houses in the region, which are often found in mountainous areas.
More information: https://www.vlkolinec.sk/
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The historic centre of Levoča was founded in the 13th and 14th centuries within the fortifications. Most of the site is preserved and includes the 14th-century Church of St. James with ten altars from the 15th and 16th centuries and a remarkable collection of polychrome works in the late Gothic style. The 18.6 m high altar, built around 1510 by Master Pavol, is the highest wooden Gothic altar in the world.
The architectural dominant of Spiš Castle is a unique urban-landscape ensemble growing out of a limestone cliff. It is one of the largest medieval fortification complexes in Central Europe. Its counterpart was the Spišská Kapitula, the seat of church administration, which was already in the Romanesque period. The site also includes the small town of Spišské Podhradie with typical Renaissance-Baroque burgher houses, and the village of Žehra with its early Gothic church of St. Spirit with rare medieval frescoes. This ensemble creates a unique compositional whole.
More information: https://thisislevoca.sk/ https://www.spisskyhrad.com/english/
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Bardejov Town Conservation Reserve represents a unique ensemble of a highly developed medieval town. The town plan with a regular layout of streets around the market square is an important evidence of European civilization in the 13th-14th centuries. Its concept has been preserved to this day. The town houses of Bardejov have their foundation in the first half of the 15th century, when there were about 500 of them in the town. They surround the market square and are representatives of a developed town culture, which was created by a multinational ethnicity and a multicultural society. In this context, the Jewish suburbium, the only preserved ensemble of former Jewish baths and a synagogue from the late 18th century, has also been preserved, built in a planned manner according to Talmudic regulations.
More information: https://www.bardejov.sk/
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It is a group of nine wooden buildings - eight churches and one (separate) bell tower - dating from the 16th - 18th centuries: Roman Catholic churches in Hervartov and Tvrdošín, Evangelical articular churches in Kežmarok, Leštiny and Hronsek (church and bell tower) and Eastern rite churches in Bodružal, Ladomírová and Ruská Bystra.
Geographically, the monuments are located in four regions:
Wooden churches are found in many countries where natural conditions have ensured that wood is an available and suitable building material. In eastern Slovakia there is a collection of 27 wooden churches, which was declared a national cultural monument in 1968. The oldest of them is the Roman Catholic Church of St. Francis of Assisi in Hervartov, which supposedly dates back to 1500. Interestingly, religious services are still held in the churches today.
The original wooden architecture in the Carpathian Arch documents the contact of Eastern/Byzantine and Western/Latin cultures, transformed into regional peculiarities. At the same time, it represents a symbiosis of folk and professional architecture and reflects the context of the time of their creation. Evangelical churches also serve as an example of confessional tolerance in Upper Hungary during the period of anti-Habsburg resistance.
More information: https://slovakia.travel/en/wooden-churches-of-unesco-world-heritage
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Covering almost 600 km of the Danube border of the entire Roman Empire, the Danube Limes (western segment) reflects the specificities of this part of the Roman border through the selection of sites that represent key elements ranging from roads, legionary forts and their associated settlements to small forts and temporary camps, and the way these structures relate to the local topography.
The Danube Limes is a fortification system along the Danube in Bavaria, Austria and Slovakia, and forms, after Hadrian's and Antonine Walls in Great Britain and the Upper German-Raetian Limit in Germany, the third section of the large project "Frontiers of the Roman Empire", including 77 monuments of the Roman border system on the Danube River from Bad Gögging in Bavaria to Iž in Slovakia. The Danube Limes stretched for about 2,000 km from Eining in Bavaria to the Black Sea and from the time of Emperor Augustus until the 6th century AD formed the northern border of the Roman Empire in this part of Europe. It was a specific river section of the border, which, unlike the size of Great Britain or northern Germany, was not formed by artificial defensive structures such as ramparts and ditches, but used the defensive potential of a natural barrier - the flow of the Danube. A chain of military forts and camps connected by a limit road was built along the river. The large military force that was stationed here is evidence of the importance of this border section for the entire Roman Empire. The Danube Limes in our territory include two national cultural monuments – the Roman military camp (castle) Gerulata in Bratislava-Rusovce and the Roman military camp (castle) in Iža.
More information: https://www.bratislava-rusovce.sk/muzeum-gerulata https://www.muzeum.sk/rimsky-vojensky-tabor-kastel-iza.html
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The caves of the Aggtelek Karst and the Slovak Karst are distinguished by a large number of complex, diverse and relatively intact caves concentrated in a relatively small area. This exceptional group of 712 caves, recorded at the time of the inscription, is located on the northeastern border of Hungary and the southeastern border of Slovakia and lies under a protected area of 56,651 ha and a larger buffer zone. Today, more than 1,000 caves are known. Karst processes have created a rich diversity of structures and habitats that are important from a biological, geological and paleontological point of view.
The most important cave system in the area is Baradla-Domica, a transboundary network richly decorated with stalagmites and stalactites, which is a significant active river cave in the temperate zone and a Ramsar site. Also worth mentioning is the Dobšinská Ice Cave, one of the most beautiful in the world. Among the ice caves in the area is the Silická Ice Cave at the lowest latitude in the temperate zone. The immediate proximity of many different types of caves of various morphologies, including vadose and epiphreatic flow caves, vertical shafts and hypogene or mixed corrosion caves, as well as important archaeological remains, makes this property an excellent underground museum. Its ecosystems provide a habitat for more than 500 species of troglobionts or troglophiles, including some endemic ones. The interactions between geological karst processes occurring on the surface and those taking place below the surface make this area a natural field laboratory.
More information: https://slovakia.travel/en/caves-of-the-slovak-karst
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The ancient and primeval beech forests of the Carpathians and other regions of Europe are a transnational serial property consisting of 93 sections in 18 countries. They represent an outstanding example of relatively undisturbed, complex temperate forests and display a wide range of complex ecological patterns and processes of pure and mixed stands of beech in a variety of environmental conditions. Beech (Fagus sylvatica) has survived each glacial phase (ice age) of the last 1 million years, in the harsh climatic conditions of refuge areas in the southern parts of the European continent.These refuge areas have been documented by scientists through paleoecological analysis and the latest genetic coding techniques. After the last ice age, around 11,000 years ago, beech began to expand its range from these southern refuge areas to eventually cover large parts of the European continent. During this expansion process, which is still ongoing, beech has created different types of plant communities, occupying widely different environments. The interplay between the diversity of environments, climatic gradients and different species gene pools has shaped and continues to shape this high diversity of beech forest communities. These forests contain an invaluable population of old trees and a genetic reservoir of beech and many other species that are tied to and dependent on these old forest habitats.
More information: https://www.nppoloniny.sk/unesco-karpatske-bukove-pralesy/
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Source: World Heritage List Slovakia
